Ukufakwa, ukuSebenza kunye neNcwadana yokuGcina iValve yeBhola yeABM

1. Ububanzi

Le ncwadana ibandakanya ukuqhutywa kombane, ukusebenza komoya, ukusebenza ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kunye ne-oyile yegesi eqhagamsheleneyo kufakelwa iipleyiti ezintathu zebhola kunye nezivalo zebhola ezi-welding ngokupheleleyo ezinobungakanani be-NPS 8 ~ 36 & Class 300 ~ 2500.

2. Inkcazo yeMveliso

2.1 Iimfuno zobugcisa

2.1.1 Uyilo kunye nomgangatho wokwenziwa: i-API 6D, i-ASME B16.34

2.1.2 Ukuphela komgangatho wokudibanisa: ASME B16.5

2.1.3 Ubungakanani bomgangatho wobuso ngobuso: ASME B16.10

2.1.4 umgangatho woxinzelelo lobushushu: ASME B16.34

2.1.5 Ukuhlolwa kunye novavanyo (kubandakanya uvavanyo lwamanzi): API 6D

Uvavanyo lokumelana nomlilo: API 607

2.1.7 Ukulungiswa kwesalfure kunye nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo (kusebenza kwinkonzo emuncu): NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156

2.1.8 Uvavanyo lokukhupha abalekayo (olusebenza kwinkonzo emuncu): ngokwe-BS EN ISO 15848-2 kwiBakala B.

2.2 Ubume bevalvu yebhola

Figure1 Iziqwenga ezithathu zomgunyathi ezenziwe ngebhola zombane ezenziwe ngombane

Figure2 iziqwenga ezintathu zakha semigudu ibhola trunnion kunye womoya actuated

Isazobe3 iziqwenga ezithathu zomgunyathi zentsimbi ezenziwe nge-hydraulic actuated

Umzobo4 Ivaluva zebhola ezithunyelwe ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-pneumatic actuated

Ingcwaba5 Ingcwatyiwe ivalvu zebhola ezigqityiweyo ngeoyile yegesi

Umzobo6 Ivaluva zebhola ezithunyelwe ngokupheleleyo ngeoyile-yegesi eyenziwe

3. Ufakelo

3.1 Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kokufakwa

(1) Zombini iipayipi zokugqibela zevalve sele zilungile. Umphambili kunye nomva wepayipi kufuneka ube coaxial, umphezulu wokutywinwa kweflange kufuneka uhambelane.

(2) Ukucoca imibhobho, ukungcola okunamafutha, i-slag ye-welding, nawo onke amanye amdaka kufuneka asuswe.

(3) Jonga ukumakishwa kwesivalo sebhola ukuze uchonge iivalve zebhola zikwimeko entle. Ivaluva iya kuvulwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

(4) Susa izincedisi zokhuselo kunxibelelwano lwesiphelo sesiphelo sevali.

(5) Jonga indawo evaliweyo uze uyicoce kakuhle. Umcimbi welinye ilizwe phakathi kwesitulo sevalve / isihlalo sokuhlala kunye nebhola, nokuba ngaba igranule inokonakalisa isihlalo sokutywina sevalve.

（6） Phambi kokufakwa, jonga ngononophelo igama leplate ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwevalve, ubungakanani, izinto zokuhlala kunye nenqanaba lobushushu boxinzelelo zilungele imeko yombhobho.

（7） Phambi kofakelo, jonga zonke iibholiti kunye namandongomane kuqhagamshelo lwevalve ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyaqiniswa.

Ukuhamba ngononophelo kuthutho, ukuphosa okanye ukulahla akuvumelekanga.

3.2 Ukufakwa

(1) Ivalve efakwe kumbhobho. Kwiimfuno zokuhamba kwemithombo yeendaba kwivelufa, qinisekisa ukunyuka nokuhla komgaqo ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wevalve oza kufakelwa.

(2) Phakathi kwevalve flange kunye nemibhobho esisangqa kufuneka ifakwe iigaskethi ngokweemfuno zoyilo lombhobho.

(3) iibholiti esisangqa kufuneka macala, zilandelelana, ngokulinganayo qinisa

(4) Izivalo zokudibanisa iimpundu ziya kufezekisa ezi mfuno zilandelayo xa zifakelwe ukufakwa kwinkqubo yombhobho kwisiza:

a. I-Welding kufuneka yenziwe ngumatshini wesinyithi onesitifiketi semfundo se-welder esivunywe nguRhulumente weBoiler kunye noGunyaziso lweZikhephe zoXinzelelo; okanye umbane osifumeneyo isatifikethi semfundo ye-welder esichazwe kwi-ASME Vol. Ⅸ.

b. Inkqubo yeWelding parameter kufuneka ikhethwe njengoko kuchaziwe kwincwadana yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wezinto zokuwelda

c. Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ukusebenza koomatshini kunye nokumelana kwensimbi yokugcwalisa isinyithi se-welding kufuneka sihambelane nesiseko sesinyithi

(5) Xa uphakamisa i-lug okanye intamo yevalve kunye nokujija kweslingisi esondweni, ibhokisi yezixhobo okanye ezinye izinto ezenziwayo azivumelekanga .Kwakhona, ukuphela koqhagamshelo lwezivalo kufuneka kuthathele ingqalelo ukukhusela ekonakaleni.

(6) Umzimba wevalufa yebhola yentsimbi uvela esinqeni sempundu 3 "nakweyiphi na indawo engaphandle kobushushu obufudumeleyo abuyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-200 ℃. Phambi kokuwelda, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuthintela ukungcola okunje nge-welding slag kwinkqubo yokuwela kwisitishi somzimba okanye ukutywinwa kwesihlalo. Umbhobho othumele i-corrosion medium kufuneka uthathwe kumlinganiso wobunzima be-weld. Ukuqina kobunzima bentsimbi kunye nezinto ezisisiseko azikho ngaphezulu kwe-HRC22.

(7) Xa ufaka iivalve neeactuator, i-axis ye-actuator worm kufuneka ijonge ngqo kwi-axis yombhobho

3.3 Ukuhlolwa emva kofakelo

(1) Ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwamaxesha ama-3 ~ 5 eebheyiphu zebhola kunye nee-actuator akufuneki zivinjwe kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iipavini zingasebenza ngesiqhelo.

(2) Ubuso boqhagamshelo lwe-flange phakathi kombhobho kunye nevalve yebhola kufuneka ihlolwe ukusebenza ngokutywina ngokweemfuno zoyilo lombhobho.

(3) Emva kofakelo, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo okanye lombhobho, ivelufa kufuneka ibekwindawo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Umsebenzi 4, ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa

I-4.1 Ball valve yi-90 ° yokuvula kunye nohlobo lokuvala, ivelufa yebhola isetyenziselwa kuphela ukutshintshela kwaye ayisetyenziswanga ukulungisa! Akuvumelekile ukuba ivelufa esetyenziswe kubushushu obungasentla kunye nomda woxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokutshintsha, ubushushu kunye nemeko yokusebenza. Inqanaba lobushushu boxinzelelo liya kuba ngokwe-ASME B16.34 esemgangathweni. Iibholiti kufuneka ziqiniswe kwakhona kwimeko yokuvuza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Musa ukuvumela ukulayishwa kwempembelelo kwaye imeko yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ayivumeli ukuvela kubushushu obuphantsi. Abavelisi abanoxanduva xa kusenzeka ingozi ngenxa yokophulwa kwemigaqo.

Umsebenzisi we-4.2 kufuneka azalise ioyile yokuthambisa (igrisi) rhoqo ukuba ngaba kukho naziphi na izivingco segrisi eziluhlobo lwe-lube. Ixesha kufuneka lisetelwe ngumsebenzisi ngokobuninzi bevali evalwayo, ngesiqhelo kube kanye kwiinyanga ezintathu; ukuba kukho naziphi na izivalo zegrisi eziluhlobo lwetywina, ukutywina igrisi okanye ukupakisha okuthambileyo kufuneka kugcwaliswe kwangexesha ukuba abasebenzisi bafumana ukuvuza, kwaye iyaqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza. Umsebenzisi uhlala egcina izixhobo zikwimeko entle! Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezithile ezisemgangathweni ngethuba lewaranti (ngokwekhontrakthi), umenzi kufuneka aye kuloo ndawo kwangoko asombulule ingxaki. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwexesha lewaranti (ngokwekhontrakthi), nje ukuba umsebenzisi asisombulule ingxaki, siya kuya kwindawo leyo kwangoko siyisombulule ingxaki.

4.3 Ukujikeleza ngokujikeleza kwewashi kwezivalo zokusebenza ngokuvaliweyo kuya kuvalwa kwaye ujikeleze ngokubhekisele ngasekhohlo kwezivalo zomsebenzi ngesandla ziya kuvulwa. Xa ezinye iindlela zisebenza, iqhosha lokulawula kunye nemiyalelo kufuneka ihambelane notshintsho lweevaluva. Kwaye uphephe ukusebenza gwenxa kuya kuthintela ukwenzeka. Abavelisi abanaxanduva ngenxa yeempazamo zokusebenza.

4.4 Ivaluva kufuneka ibe lulolongo rhoqo emva kokusetyenziswa kwezivalo. Ubuso bokutywina kunyelingonakali kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo, ngokungathi ukupakisha kukuguga okanye ukusilela; ukuba umzimba uvela ukubola. Ukuba le meko ingentla iyenzeka, ilungile ngexesha lokulungisa okanye ukubuyisela enye.

4.5 Ukuba esi sixhobo singamanzi okanye yi-oyile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba iivalves mazitshekishwe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu. Kwaye ukuba iphakathi liyonakalisa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba zonke iivevithi okanye inxenye yezivalo kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zigcinwe inyanga nenyanga.

I-4.6 Ibhola yevali ihlala ingenasakhiwo sokugquma shushu. Xa indawo iphakathi kubushushu obuphezulu okanye kubushushu obuphantsi, umphezulu wevalve awuvunyelwe ukubamba ukukhusela ekutshisweni okanye kwiqabaka.

Umphezulu wezivalo kunye nesiqu kunye namanye amalungu agquma ngokulula uthuli, ioyile kunye nosulelo oluphakathi. Kwaye ivelufa kufuneka ingonakali kunye nomhlwa ngokulula; nkqu nayo ibangelwa bubushushu bokukhuhlana obudala umngcipheko wegesi eqhumayo. Ke ivalve kufuneka ihlale icocekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

4.8 Xa ukulungiswa kwevalve kunye nolondolozo, ngokufanayo nobungakanani boqobo kunye nezinto o-amakhonkco, iigaskethi, iibholiti kunye neenati kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Amakhonkco e-O kunye neefestile zevaluva zinokusetyenziswa njengezinto zokulungisa kunye nokugcina izinto ngokulandelelana.

4.9 Akuvunyelwe ukususa ipleyiti yoqhakamshelwano ukubuyisela iibholiti, amandongomane kunye neeringi xa ivalve ikwimeko yoxinzelelo. Emva kwezikrufu, iibholiti, amandongomane okanye o-amakhonkco, iivaluva zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe emva kovavanyo lokutywina.
4.10 Ngokubanzi, iinxalenye zangaphakathi zezivalo kufuneka zikhethwe ukuba zilungiswe kwaye zibuyiselwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa iinxalenye zabavelisi ukubuyisela.

4.11 Ivaluva kufuneka zidityaniswe zilungiswe emva kokuba zilungisiwe. Kwaye kufuneka bavavanywe emva kokuba behlanganisiwe.

4.12 Akucetyiswa ukuba umsebenzisi aqhubeke nokulungisa ivelufa yoxinzelelo. Ukuba iindawo zokugcina uxinzelelo zisetyenzisiwe ixesha elide, kwaye ingozi enokwenzeka iya kwenzeka, nokuba ichaphazela ukhuseleko lomsebenzisi. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bathathe indawo yevalve entsha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

4.13 Indawo yokuwelda yezivalo ze-welding kwipayipi ayivumelekanga ukulungiswa.

4.14 Izivalo ezipayipini azivumelekanga ukuba zicofwe; yeyokuhamba nje nangazo zonke izinto ezinzima kuyo.

4.15 Iiphelo kufuneka zigutyungelwe ngekhuselo kwigumbi elomileyo nelingena umoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsantsa wesivalo ucocekile.

I-4.16 Iivevhe ezinkulu kufuneka zixhaswe kwaye azinakunxibelelana nomhlaba xa zigcina ngaphandle Kananjalo, ubungqina bokufuma okungangenwa ngamanzi kufuneka kuqatshelwe.

I-4.17 Xa i-valve yokugcina ixesha elide isetyenziswa kwakhona, ukupakisha kufuneka kutshekishwe ukuba akusebenzi kwaye ugcwalise ioyile yokuthambisa kwiindawo ezijikelezayo.

I-4.18 iimeko zokusebenza kwevalvu kufuneka zigcine zicocekile, kuba inokongeza ubomi bayo benkonzo.

4.19 Ivaluva yokugcina ixesha elide kufuneka itshekishwe rhoqo kwaye isuse ubumdaka. Umphezulu wokutywina kufuneka unike ingqalelo ukucoceka ukukhusela kumonakalo.

4.20 Ukupakisha koqobo kugcinwa; Umphezulu wezivalo, ishafti yesikhondo kunye ne-flange umphezulu wokutywina we-flange kufuneka unike ingqalelo ukukhusela.

4.21 Umngxunya wezivalo awuvunyelwanga ukuba udreyike xa kuvulwa kwaye kuvalwa kungafikeleli kwindawo ebekiweyo.

5. Iingxaki ezinokubakho, oonobangela kunye namanyathelo okulungisa (jonga kwifom 1)

IFomu 1 Iingxaki ezinokubakho, oonobangela kunye namanyathelo okulungisa

Qaphela: Umntu weNkonzo kufuneka abe nolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye namava anevaluva