1. Ngokubanzi
Iivalvu zolu ngcelele zisetyenziselwa ukuvala okanye ukuvula imibhobho kwinkqubo yemibhobho ukwenzela ukugcina ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwenkqubo.
2. Inkcazo yeMveliso
2.1Iimfuno zobuchule
2.1.1 Uyilo kunye nokuveliswa: API600, API603, ASME B16.34, BS1414
2.1.2 Umlinganiso wokuphela komdibaniso: ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, ASME B16.25
2.1.3 ubuso ngobuso okanye isiphelo ukuya ekupheleni: ASME B16.10
2.1.4 Uvavanyo kunye novavanyo: API 598 、 API600
2.1.5 Ubungakanani ngokwamagama: MPS2 ″ ~ 48 ″ , Amanqaku okumgangatho weklasi ngamagama: Class150 ~ 2500
2.2 Ivaluva kolu ngcelele zezandla (ziqhutywa ngevili yesandla okanye ibhokisi gear) iivalvu esangweni kunye neziphelo esisangqa kunye isiphelo iwelding isiphelo .Ivalvu isiqu uhamba nkqo. Xa ujika iwindowwheel ngewotshi, isango liyawa phantsi ukuvala umbhobho; xa ujika isondo elihamba naphambi kwewashi, isango liyaphakama ukuze livule umbhobho.
2.3 Ulwakhiwo jonga Ikhiwane. 1, 2and3.
2.4 Amagama kunye nezixhobo zeendawo eziphambili zidweliswe kwiTheyibhile 1.
Itheyibhile 1
Igama lendima |
Izinto eziphathekayo |
Umzimba kunye nebhonethi |
ASTM A216 WCB, ASTM A352 LCB, ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9, ASTM A351 CF3, ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8, ASTM A351 CF8M, ASTM A351 CN7M I-ASTM A494 CW-2M, iMonel |
Isango |
ASTM A216 WCB, ASTM A352 LCB, ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9, ASTM A351 CF3, ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8, ASTM A351 CF8M, ASTM A351 CN7M I-ASTM A494 CW-2M, iMonel |
isihlalo |
I-ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF2, F11, F22, kunye ne-AFM I-ASTM A182 F304, 304L, i-ASTM A182 F316, 316L, kunye ne-ASTM A182. I-ASTM B462, ine-C-4, iMonel |
isiqu |
I-ASTM A182 F6a, ASTM A182 F304, 304L 、 ASTM A182 F316 (316L 、 B ASTM B462 、 ineC.C-4 、 iMonel |
Ukupakisha |
Umsizi osontiweyo grafayithi kunye bhetyebhetye grafayithi, PTFE |
Stud / nut |
ASTM A193 B7 / A194 2H, ASTM L320 L7 / A194 4 I-ASTM A193 B16 / A194 4, ASTM A193 B8 / A194 8 I-ASTM A193 B8M / A194 8M |
I-Gasket |
304 (316 Graph + Igrafu 、 304 (316 、 has Has.C-4 、 Imonel-B462 |
Iringi yokuhlala / iDiski / imiphezulu |
13Cr, 18Cr-8Ni, 18Cr-8Ni-Mo, NiCu ingxubevange, 25Cr-20Ni, STL |
3. Ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukufakwa kunye nokusebenza
3.1 Ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa
3.1.1 Izivalo kufuneka zigcinwe kwigumbi elomileyo nelingena umoya. Ukuphela kwesicatshulwa kufuneka kufakwe izigqubuthelo.
3.1.2 Ivaluva eziphantsi kogcino lwexesha elide kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zicocwe rhoqo, ngakumbi ukucocwa kobuso bendawo yokuhlala ukuthintela ukonakala, kwaye umphezulu ogqityiweyo kufuneka ubotshwe ngerusi ethintela ioyile.
3.1.3 Ukuba ixesha eligciniweyo lingaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-18, iivalves kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye kwenziwe neerekhodi.
3.1.4 Izivalo ezifakiweyo kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zilungiswe rhoqo. Iindawo eziphambili zolondolozo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
1) Ukutywina ubuso
2) Isiqu seValve kunye ne-valve stem nut.
3) Ukupakisha.
4) Ungcolisa umphezulu wangaphakathi wevalve yomzimba kunye nevalufa yebhonethi
3.2 Ukufakwa
Phambi kofakelo, qiniseka ukuba i-valve identification (njengemodeli, i-DN, i-3.2.1PN kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo) ziphawulwe ngokweemfuno zenkqubo yombhobho.
3.2.2 Ngaphambi kofakelo, jonga ngononophelo indlela yevalvu kunye nokutywina ubuso. Ukuba kukho ukungcola, coca kakuhle.
3.2.3 Ngaphambi kofakelo, qiniseka ukuba zonke iibholiti ziqinisiwe.
3.2.4 Phambi kofakelo, qiniseka ukuba ukupakisha kucinezelwe ngokuqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, intshukumo yesikhondo sevalve akufuneki iphazanyiswe.
3.2.5 Indawo yokufakwa kwevalvu kufuneka iququzelele ukuhlolwa nokusebenza kwayo. Indawo ekufaneleke ukuba ibe kuyo yeyokuba umbhobho uthe tyaba, ihewheel yesandla ingaphezulu, kwaye isiqu sevalve sime nkqo.
3.2.6 Kwi-valve eqhelekileyo evaliweyo, ayifanelekanga ukuyifaka kwindawo apho uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lukhulu kakhulu ukuthintela ukonakala kwe-valve stem.
3.2.7 Iiseva ezitshixwayo ezitshixwayo ziya kuthi ubuncinane zihlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo xa zenziwe nge welding ukuze zifakelwe kwinkqubo yombhobho kwisiza:
1) I-Welding kufuneka iqhutyelwe ngumatshini wesinyithi onesitifiketi semfundo ye-welder evunywe ngu-State Boiler and Pressure Vessel Authority; okanye isitshisi esifumene isiqinisekiso semfundo sentsimbi esikhankanywe kwi-ASME Vol.Ⅸ.
2) Inkqubo ye-welding parameter kufuneka ikhethwe njengoko kuchaziwe kwincwadi yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wento yokunyusa.
I-3) Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ukusebenza koomatshini kunye nokumelana nesinyithi sokugcwalisa isinyithi se-welding kufuneka sihambelane nesiseko sesinyithi.
I-3.2.8 Ivalve ihlala ifakiwe, uxinzelelo olukhulu ngenxa yokuxhasa, izixhobo kunye nemibhobho kufuneka ithintelwe.
3.2.9 Emva kofakelo, ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo yombhobho, ivelufa kufuneka ivulwe ngokupheleleyo.
3.2.10 Indawo yokubeka: ukuba umbhobho unamandla awoneleyo okuthwala ubunzima bevalve kunye nokusebenza kwetorque, akukho ndawo inokuthi ifuneke, kungenjalo i-valve kufuneka ibe nendawo.
3.2.11 Ukuphakamisa: Sukusebenzisa ihewheel yesandla ukuphakamisa nokuphakamisa iveluve.
3.3 Ukusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa
3.3.1 Ngexesha lenkonzo, isango levalve kufuneka livulwe ngokupheleleyo okanye livalwe ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela ukonakala komphezulu wesangqa sokuhlala kunye nesango levalve ngenxa yesantya esiphakathi. Ayinakusetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa amandla okuhamba.
3.3.2 Xa uvula okanye uvale ivalve, sebenzisa ihewheel yesandla endaweni yokuxhathisa okanye usebenzise esinye isixhobo.
3.3.3 Kumaqondo obushushu asebenzayo, qiniseka ukuba uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo lube ngaphantsi kwamaxesha ayi-1.1 ukuba uxinzelelo olusebenzayo loxinzelelo lweqondo lobushushu ku-ASME B16.34.
3.3.4 Izixhobo zoncedo lokhuselo mazifakwe kumbhobho ukuthintela uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwevalvethi ekusebenzeni kubushushu obugqithisileyo koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
3.3.5 Ukubetha nokuothusa ivalvu akuvumelekanga ngexesha lothutho, lofakelo nolokusebenza.
3.3.6 Ukubola kolwelo olungazinzanga, umzekelo, ukubola kolunye ulwelo kunokubangela ukwanda kwevolumu kwaye kukhokelele ekunyukeni koxinzelelo lokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela konakalise ivelufa kwaye kubangele ukugcwala, ke ngoko, sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa umda izinto ezinokubangela ukubola Ulwelo.
3.3.7 Ukuba incindi iyangena ngaphakathi, oku kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwevalvu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo ukunciphisa iqondo lobushushu lolwelo (umzekelo, ukuqinisekisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo bolwelo) okanye ukubuyisela olunye uhlobo lwevalve.
3.3.8 Kulwelo olunokutsha lula, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa imeko yoxinzelelo kunye nokusebenza ayidluli kwindawo yalo yokutshisa (ingakumbi ukukhanya kwelanga okanye umlilo wangaphandle).
3.3.9 Kwimeko yolwelo olunobungozi, olunje ngokudubula, olunokutsha. Ityhefu, iimveliso ze-oxidation, kuthintelwe ukubuyisela endaweni yokupakisha phantsi koxinzelelo (nangona ivalve inomsebenzi onjalo).
3.3.10 Qiniseka ukuba ulwelo alungcolanga, oluchaphazela ukusebenza kwevalvu, alunazo izinto eziqinileyo ezilukhuni, kungenjalo izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukususa ukungcola kunye nokuqina okuqinileyo, okanye ukubuyisela olunye uhlobo lwevalve.
Ubushushu obusebenzayo obuvumelekileyo:
Izinto eziphathekayo |
ubushushu |
Izinto eziphathekayo |
ubushushu |
I-ASTM A216 WCB |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
I-ASTM A217 WC6 |
-29 ~ 538 ℃ |
I-ASTM A352 LCB |
-46 ~ 343 ℃ |
I-ASTM A217 WC9 |
–29 ~ 570 ℃ |
I-ASTM A351 CF3 (CF3M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
I-ASTM I-A494 CW-2M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
I-ASTM A351 CF8 (CF8M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
UMonel |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
I-ASTM A351 CN7M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
- |
3.3.12 Qiniseka ukuba izinto zomzimba wevalufa zikulungele ukusetyenziswa kumhlwa kunye nokuthintela umhlwa kwindalo engamanzi.
3.3.13 Ngexesha lenkonzo, jonga ukutywina ukusebenza ngokwetheyibhile engezantsi:
Indawo yokuhlola |
Ukuvuza |
Uqhagamshelo phakathi komzimba wevalufa kunye nebhonethi |
Unothi |
Ukupakisha itywina |
Unothi |
Isihlalo seValve |
Ngokweenkcukacha zobugcisa |
3.3.14 Rhoqo ujongisise unxibo lobuso bokutywina. Ukupakisha ukwaluphala kunye nomonakalo. Yenza ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba ubungqina bufunyenwe.
3.3.15 Emva kokulungiswa, hlanganisa kwakhona kwaye uhlengahlengise ivalve, ukusebenza kovavanyo kunye nokwenza irekhodi.
3.3.16 Uviwo nolungiso lwangaphakathi yiminyaka emibini.
4. Iingxaki ezinokubakho, oonobangela kunye namanyathelo okulungisa
Inkcazo yengxaki |
Isizathu esinokubangela |
Amanyathelo okulungisa |
Ukuvuza xa upakisha |
Ukupakisha ngokungonelanga |
Qinisa kwakhona ukupakisha nut |
Ubungakanani obungonelanga bokupakisha |
Yongeza ukupakisha okungaphezulu |
|
Ukupakisha konakele ngenxa yenkonzo yexesha elide okanye ukhuseleko olungalunganga |
Buyisela ukupakisha |
|
Ukuvuza kwindawo yokuhlala yevalve |
Ubuso bokuhlala obumdaka |
Susa ukungcola |
Ubuso obunxibileyo bokuhlala |
Yilungise okanye ubeke endaweni yesangqa sokuhlala okanye isango levalve |
|
Indawo yokuhlala eyonakalisiweyo ngenxa yokuqina okuqinileyo |
Susa iziqina eziqinileyo kulwelo, lungisa okanye ubeke umsesane wokuhlala okanye isango levalve, okanye ubeke olunye uhlobo lwevalve |
|
Ukuvuza kunxibelelwano phakathi komzimba wevalve kunye ne-bonnet yevalve |
Iibholiti azifakwanga kakuhle |
Ngokulinganayo bopha iibholiti |
Indawo yokuhlala eyonakalisiweyo yomzimba wevalve kunye nevalufa yebhonethi esisangqa |
Yilungise |
|
I-gasket eyonakeleyo okanye eyaphukileyo |
Buyisela i-gasket |
|
Ubunzima bokujikeleza kwesondo okanye isango levalve alinakuvulwa okanye livalwe |
Ukupakisha okuqinisiweyo kakhulu |
Ngokufanelekileyo sikhulule i-nut yokupakisha |
Ukuguqulwa okanye ukugoba kwe-gland yokutywina |
Lungisa ukutywina idlala |
|
Umonakalo we-nut stem we-valve |
Lungisa intambo kwaye ususe ukungcola |
|
Umtya ogqityiweyo okanye owaphukileyo we-valve stem |
Guqula i-nut stem stem |
|
Isiqu sevalve ebunjiweyo |
Guqula isiqu sevalve |
|
Isikhokelo esingcolileyo kumphezulu wesango levalve okanye umzimba wevalve |
Susa ukungcola kumphezulu wesikhokelo |
Qaphela: Umntu weNkonzo kufuneka abe nolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye namava anevaluva.
5. Isiqinisekiso
Emva kokuba ivalve isetyenzisiwe, ixesha lewaranti yenyanga ezili-12, kodwa ayidluli kwiinyanga ezingama-24 emva komhla wokuhanjiswa. Ngexesha lewaranti, umenzi uya kubonelela ngenkonzo yokulungisa okanye izinto ezizezinye ngaphandle kwentlawulo yomonakalo ngenxa yemathiriyeli, umsebenzi okanye umonakalo onikezelweyo ukuba umsebenzi uchanekile.
Ixesha Post: Nov-10-2020